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This is one of the categories of charitable purpose set out in Pemsels Case 1891. It is a tricky category, because many organizations that have a political dimension also carry on 'education' in one form or another. As well as conventional schools and colleges, charitable status has been granted to professional bodies, providers of school sports facilities, publishers of law reports, and artistic and cultural institutions. On the borderline are, for instance, student unions (see Baldry v Feintuck (1972)) if they are associated with political movements, and research projects with limited educational benefit (see, e.g., re Shaw (1957)).